RESUMEN
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promotes the active and responsible participation of this group of people in medical care decision-making. The informed consent is the process which promotes their autonomy for an integral and inclusive approach that enhaces their competence and legal capacity. To protect the validity of the informed consent, some recommendations are proposed. These must improve reception, analysis, and comprehension of medical information through support, and reasonable accommodation focused on the person and the environment, and they must be in agreement with the Convention.
La Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de las Naciones Unidas promueve la participación plena y efectiva de esta población en la toma de decisiones en salud. El consentimiento informado es el proceso que impulsa la autonomía de esta población como esencia del abordaje integral e inclusivo que promueva su competencia y su capacidad jurídica. Para salvaguardar la validez del consentimiento se proponen recomendaciones que optimicen la recepción, el análisis y la comprensión de información médica mediante apoyos y ajustes razonables enfocados en la persona y el entorno, y deben estar en concordancia con la Convención.
Asunto(s)
Bioética , Personas con Discapacidad , Toma de Decisiones , Humanos , Consentimiento Informado , Naciones UnidasRESUMEN
La Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de las Naciones Unidas promueve la participación plena y efectiva de esta población en la toma de decisiones en salud. El consentimiento informado es el proceso que impulsa la autonomía de esta población como esencia del abordaje integral e inclusivo que promueva su competencia y su capacidad jurídica. Para salvaguardar la validez del consentimiento se proponen recomendaciones que optimicen la recepción, el análisis y la comprensión de información médica mediante apoyos y ajustes razonables enfocados en la persona y el entorno, y deben estar en concordancia con la Convención.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promotes the active and responsible participation of this group of people in medical care decision-making. The informed consent is the process which promotes their autonomy for an integral and inclusive approach that enhaces their competence and legal capacity. To protect the validity of the informed consent, some recommendations are proposed. These must improve reception, analysis, and comprehension of medical information through support, and reasonable accommodation focused on the person and the environment, and they must be in agreement with the Convention.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Bioética , Defensa de las Personas con Discapacidad , Personas con Discapacidad , Autonomía Personal , Consentimiento Informado , Atención Médica , Toma de Decisiones , MéxicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Permanent occupational disability is one of the most severe consequences of diabetes that impedes the performance of usual working activities among economically active individuals. Survival rates and worker compensation expenses have not previously been examined among Mexican workers. We aimed to describe the worker compensation expenses derived from pension payments and also to examine the survival rates and characteristics associated with all-cause mortality, in a cohort of 34,014 Mexican workers with permanent occupational disability caused by diabetes during the years 2000-2013 at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis study was conducted using national administrative records data from the entire country, regarding permanent occupational disability medical certification, pension payment and vital status. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) in order to assess the cohort characteristics and all-cause mortality risk. Total expenses derived from pension payments for the period were accounted for in U.S. dollars (USD, 2013). RESULTS: There were 12,917 deaths in 142,725.1 person-years. Median survival time was 7.26 years. After multivariate adjusted analysis, males (HR, 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.29-1.50), agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers (HR, 1.41; 95 % CI, 1.15-1.73) and renal complications (HR, 3.49; 95 % CI, 3.18-3.83) had the highest association with all-cause mortality. The all-period expenses derived from pension payments amounted to $777.78 million USD (2013), and showed a sustained increment: from $58.28 million USD in 2000 to $111.62 million USD in 2013 (percentage increase of 91.5 %). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican workers with permanent occupational disability caused by diabetes had a median survival of 7.26 years, and those with renal complications showed the lowest survival in the cohort. Expenses derived from pension payments amounted to $ 777 million USD and showed an important increase from 2000 to 2013.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/economía , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Profesionales/economía , Tasa de Supervivencia , Indemnización para Trabajadores/economía , Indemnización para Trabajadores/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of a supervised rehabilitation program to improve gait, balance and independence in elderly patients attending a family medicine unit. METHODS: we conducted a quasi-experimental study over a period of four weeks in a group of 72 patients older than 65 years. INTERVENTION: a supervised program regarding the risk factors for falling, and balance, gait, coordination and oculovestibular system, the modalities to be done two or three times a week in the primary care unit or at home. An analysis of both tests was performed by "up and go," Tinetti scale and the Katz index. ANALYSIS: "intention to treat" and "by protocol." RESULTS: mean age was 72 ± 5 years, 67.8% were female and 81.9% of the patients completed the program. A significant clinical improvement with statistical level were evident for gait and balance (p = 0.001), independence showed only clinical improvement (p = 0.083). The efficacy for periodicity (two or three times/week) and performance place showed same clinical improvement and statistical level for gait and balance (p = 0.001 to 0.003) and independence showed only clinical improvement (p = 0.317 to 0.991). CONCLUSIONS: an integral rehabilitation program improved gait, balance and clinical independence significantly. The supervised program is applicable and can be reproduced at primary care unit or home for geriatric care and preventive actions.
Objetivo: evaluar un programa de rehabilitación de la marcha, equilibrio e independencia supervisado para adultos mayores en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental de 72 adultos mayores de 65 años de edad que recibieron orientación de factores de riesgo de caída, entrenamiento de marcha, equilibrio e independencia, dos o tres veces por semana en la unidad médica o en el domicilio por cuatro semanas. Se aplicó prueba levántate y anda, escala de Tinetti e índice de Katz. Análisis estadístico: intención a tratar y por protocolo. Resultados: 81.9 % completó el programa, la edad promedio fue de 72 ± 5 años; 67.8 % fue del sexo femenino. Se demostró mejoría estadísticamente significativa en la marcha y el equilibrio (p = 0.001) y sin significación estadística para independencia (p = 0.083). En los subgrupos que acudieron a la unidad médica adversus domicilio se observó mejoría con significación estadística solo en la marcha y el equilibrio (p = 0.001-0.003) y solo mejoría con relevancia clínica en la independencia (p = 0.317 a 1.000). Conclusiones: el programa es aplicable con resultados significativos en el primer nivel de atención.
Asunto(s)
Marcha , Evaluación Geriátrica , Equilibrio Postural , Rehabilitación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Atención Primaria de Salud , Estudios Prospectivos , RegistrosRESUMEN
Demographic changes in our population are focusing on the health providers to prevent or minimize functional impairments resulting from the various chronic and multiple illnesses to which the elderly are prone. Because of that, we developed strategies that can help us to take decisions in order to identify the risk factors, and to prescribe preventive and rehabilitation programs. With this background, we organized an expert team to develop this guideline with evidence based on medicine methodology, and focus on the first level treatment prescribed by the general practitioner, with the participation of the health team and the support networks.
